-
1 after church
after churchdepois do serviço religioso. at, in church na igreja. -
2 after church
Общая лексика: после обедни -
3 ♦ church
♦ church /tʃɜ:tʃ/A n. [cu]1 chiesa ( edificio e luogo di culto): the frescoes in this church, gli affreschi di questa chiesa; to go to church, andare in chiesa; ( anche) essere praticante; parish church, parrocchia; pieve2 ( spesso Church) Chiesa, chiesa ( comunità di cristiani): the Orthodox Church, la Chiesa ortodossa; the Church of Rome, la Chiesa di Roma; la Chiesa cattolica; the separation of church and state, la separazione tra Chiesa e Stato; to enter the Church, prendere gli ordini; farsi preteB a.1 (attr.) di chiesa; della chiesa; ecclesiastico; parrocchiale; clericale; religioso: the church bells, le campane della chiesa; church service, servizio divino; funzione religiosa; church choir, coro di chiesa; church register, registro parrocchiale; church burial, sepoltura religiosa; church party, partito clericale; church property, beni ecclesiastici; church wedding, matrimonio in chiesa; matrimonio religioso2 (pred.) (antiq.) anglicano ( di contro a chapel, «nonconformista»): Are they church or chapel?, sono anglicani o nonconformisti?● (in GB) Church Commissioners, commissari ecclesiastici (nominati dal Governo, gestiscono le risorse finanziarie della Chiesa anglicana) □ Church father, padre della Chiesa □ (fam. USA) church key, apriscatole con la punta a triangolo □ the Church Militant, la Chiesa militante □ the Church of England (o English Church, Anglican Church), la Chiesa anglicana NOTE DI CULTURA: Church of England: nata nel 1534 con l' ► «Act of Supremacy» (► act), la Chiesa anglicana ha mantenuto gran parte delle strutture e della liturgia della tradizione cattolica. Nel corso dei secoli si sono formate due correnti al suo interno: la High Church, più conservatrice e vicina alla Chiesa cattolica, e la Low Church, più rigorosamente protestante □ (relig.) the Church of Scotland, la Chiesa di Scozia NOTE DI CULTURA: Church of Scotland: è la chiesa ufficiale scozzese, a organizzazione presbiteriana; secondo il Trattato di unione tra Scozia e Inghilterra del 1707 è indipendente dallo Stato e quindi anche dalla Chiesa anglicana. È chiamata anche the Kirk □ church planting, fondazione di nuove chiese □ church school, scuola religiosa □ (ling.) Church Slavonic, slavo ecclesiastico □ church square, sagrato □ the Church Triumphant, la Chiesa trionfante □ as poor as a church mouse, povero in canna □ to be received into the Catholic Church, convertirsi al cattolicesimo. -
4 church
church [t∫ɜ:t∫]1. nouna. ( = building) église f• the Church of Scotland/Ireland l'Église f d'Écosse/d'Irlande2. compounds* * *[tʃɜːtʃ] 1.1) ( building) (Catholic, Anglican) église f; ( Protestant) temple m2) (also Church) ( religious body) Église f2. -
5 church
ə:1) (a building for public Christian worship.) iglesia2) (a group of Christians considered as a whole: the Catholic Church.) iglesia•church n iglesiatr[ʧɜːʧ]1 iglesia\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto enter the Church hacerse sacerdote, hacerse monja, etcto go to church ir a misato have a church wedding casarse por la iglesiachurch hall sala parroquialChurch of England Iglesia Anglicanachurch service oficio religiosochurch ['ʧərʧ] n1) : iglesia fto go to church: ir a la iglesia2) christians: iglesia f, conjunto m de fieles cristianos3) denomination: confesión f, secta f4) congregation: feligreses mpl, fieles mpln.• iglesia s.f.tʃɜːrtʃ, tʃɜːtʃthe Church — ( as organization) la Iglesia
the Church of England/Scotland — la Iglesia Anglicana/Presbiteriana Escocesa
to go to church — ir* a la iglesia, ≈ir* a misa; (before n)
he wants a church wedding — quiere casarse por la Iglesia or (Bol, Per, RPl) por iglesia
••
Cultural note:
La Iglesia Anglicana, protestante, es la Iglesia oficial de Inglaterra. Fue creada en 1534, bajo el reinado de Enrique VIII, por una ley suprema ( Act of Supremacy) mediante la cual el rey reemplazó al Papa como jefe de la Iglesia en Inglaterra. En la actualidad el monarca lo sigue siendo, pero sus obispos y arzobispos son designados a propuesta del Primer Ministro ( Prime Minister). El jefe espiritual de la Iglesia es el Arzobispo de Canterbury. Inglaterra está dividida en 44 diócesis y 13.000 parroquias ( parishes) cada una de las cuales está a cargo de un párroco ( vicar). En 1992, el General Synod u organismo rector de la Iglesia, permitió a las mujeres ser párrocos. En muchos países del mundo donde existen comunidades miembros de la Anglican Communion, como EEUU o Escocia, los anglicanos se autodenominan EpiscopaliansLa Iglesia Presbiteriana Escosesa es la Iglesia oficial de Escocia. Tuvo sus inicios en 1560, encabezada por John Knox y Andrew Melville y fue aceptada oficialmente en 1690. No tiene obispos y los miembros de su clero se denominan ministers o pastores en lugar de sacerdotes. Tanto los hombres como las mujeres pueden ser ministers[tʃɜːtʃ]1. Nto go to church — (Catholic) ir a misa; (Protestant) ir al oficio
after church — después de la misa or del oficio
3) (=institution)2.CPD [doctrine] de la IglesiaChurch Fathers NPL — Padres mpl de la Iglesia
church hall N — sacristía f
church music N — música f sacra or religiosa
Church of England N — Iglesia f Anglicana
Church of Scotland N — Iglesia f Presbiteriana Escocesa
church school N — colegio m religioso
church service N — oficio m, servicio m religioso
CHURCHES OF ENGLAND/SCOTLAND La Iglesia Anglicana ( Church of England) es la iglesia oficial de Inglaterra. Tiene su origen en la ruptura de Enrique VIII con la Iglesia católica en el siglo XVI. En ella se unen aspectos de la tradición católica y de la protestante. Su dirigente oficial es el monarca y su jefe espiritual el Arzobispo de Canterbury. Al clero se le permite contraer matrimonio y, desde 1992, las mujeres pueden ejercer el sacerdocio, cambio al que se opuso radicalmente la corriente conservadora. La Iglesia Presbiteriana Escocesa ( Church of Scotland) es la iglesia nacional de Escocia, pero no depende de ninguna autoridad civil. Sigue la doctrina calvinista y se rige según las normas presbiterianas, lo que significa que está gobernada a nivel local, por ministers y dirigentes laicos ( elders). Tanto hombres como mujeres pueden ejercer el sacerdocio. Hay una reunión anual ( General Assembly) en la que se discuten asuntos nacionales, presidida por un Moderator, que es elegido anualmente.church wedding N — boda f eclesiástica, boda f por la iglesia
See:see cultural note ARCHBISHOP in archbishop* * *[tʃɜːrtʃ, tʃɜːtʃ]the Church — ( as organization) la Iglesia
the Church of England/Scotland — la Iglesia Anglicana/Presbiteriana Escocesa
to go to church — ir* a la iglesia, ≈ir* a misa; (before n)
he wants a church wedding — quiere casarse por la Iglesia or (Bol, Per, RPl) por iglesia
••
Cultural note:
La Iglesia Anglicana, protestante, es la Iglesia oficial de Inglaterra. Fue creada en 1534, bajo el reinado de Enrique VIII, por una ley suprema ( Act of Supremacy) mediante la cual el rey reemplazó al Papa como jefe de la Iglesia en Inglaterra. En la actualidad el monarca lo sigue siendo, pero sus obispos y arzobispos son designados a propuesta del Primer Ministro ( Prime Minister). El jefe espiritual de la Iglesia es el Arzobispo de Canterbury. Inglaterra está dividida en 44 diócesis y 13.000 parroquias ( parishes) cada una de las cuales está a cargo de un párroco ( vicar). En 1992, el General Synod u organismo rector de la Iglesia, permitió a las mujeres ser párrocos. En muchos países del mundo donde existen comunidades miembros de la Anglican Communion, como EEUU o Escocia, los anglicanos se autodenominan EpiscopaliansLa Iglesia Presbiteriana Escosesa es la Iglesia oficial de Escocia. Tuvo sus inicios en 1560, encabezada por John Knox y Andrew Melville y fue aceptada oficialmente en 1690. No tiene obispos y los miembros de su clero se denominan ministers o pastores en lugar de sacerdotes. Tanto los hombres como las mujeres pueden ser ministers -
6 church
noun1) Kirche, diego to church — in die od. zur Kirche gehen
2)* * *[ ə: ]1) (a building for public Christian worship.) die Kirche2) (a group of Christians considered as a whole: the Catholic Church.) die Kirche•- academic.ru/12853/churchyard">churchyard* * *[tʃɜ:tʃ, AM tʃɜ:rtʃ]I. n<pl -es>▪ the C\church die Kirchethe Anglican/Catholic C\church die Anglikanische/Katholische Kirchethe Free C\church die Freikirche1. (of church organization) kirchlich, Kirch[en]-\church elder Kirchenälteste(r) f(m)\church function Kirchenveranstaltung f\church wedding kirchliche Trauung\church pew Kirchenbank f\church porch Kirchenportal nt3.* * *[tSɜːtʃ]nKirche f; (= service) die Kircheto go to church — in die Kirche gehen
he has gone into or entered the Church — er ist Geistlicher geworden
Church calendar — Kirchenkalender m, Kalendarium nt
* * *A s1. Kirche f2. Gottesdienst m:after church nach der Kirche;attend church am Gottesdienst teilnehmen;church is over die Kirche ist aus;go to church in die Kirche gehen5. Geistlichkeit f:B v/t1. (zur Taufe etc) in die Kirche bringen2. einen Dankgottesdienst für eine Wöchnerin abhaltenC adj1. Kirchen…, kirchlichch. abk2. chapter3. chief4. child5. children6. church* * *noun1) Kirche, diein or at church — in der Kirche
go to church — in die od. zur Kirche gehen
2)* * *n.Kirche -n f. -
7 church
1. [tʃɜ:tʃ] n1. 1) церковь; храм, преим. христианскийto go to church - а) ходить в церковь; б) вступать в (церковный) брак
2) ( часто Church) церковь ( организация); вероисповеданиеChurch of England, English /Anglican/ Church - англиканская церковь
Broad Church - «широкая церковь» ( сторонники веротерпимости в англиканской церкви)
High Church - «высокая церковь» ( ортодоксальная англиканская церковь)
Low Church - «низкая церковь» ( одно из направлений в англиканской церкви)
Holy Church, Church of Rome - святая церковь, римско-католическая церковь
to what church does he belong? - какого он вероисповедания?
3) разг. англиканская церковь ( часто противопоставляется сектам); государственная церковь ( в Великобритании)2. разг. богослужение3. духовенствоto go into /to enter/ the Church - принимать духовный сан
he considered the church as a possible career - он подумывал о том, чтобы стать священником
♢
in the right church but in the wrong pew - ≅ в целом верно, но в частностях неправильно2. [tʃɜ:tʃ] alet the church stand in the churchyard - посл. ≅ всему своё место
1. церковныйchurch book - а) церковная книга, требник; б) (церковная) метрическая книга
church burial - церковное /христианское/ погребение
church music - церковная /духовная/ музыка
church flag /pennant/ - мор. церковный вымпел ( поднимается во время богослужения)
church land(s) - церковные /монастырские/ земли
church member - верующий; принадлежащий к одному из (христианских) вероисповеданий
church membership - вероисповедание; принадлежность к (какой-л.) церкви
church service - а) церковная служба, богослужение; б) разг. молитвенник
2. принадлежащий к государственной, англиканской церкви3. [tʃɜ:tʃ] vchurch folk - разг. сторонники государственной /англиканской/ церкви, англиканцы
1. приводить или приносить в церковь (для крещения и т. п.)2. совершать церковный обряд (над кем-л.); давать (очистительную) молитву ( родильнице) -
8 church
1. n1) церква; храм (християнський)to go to church — а) ходити до церкви; б) вступати в церковний шлюб
2) (тж C.) віросповідання; C. of England, Anglican C. англіканська церкваHoly C. — свята церква (католицька)
3) богослужіння, відправа4) духівництво2. adjцерковнийchurch book — а) (церковна) метрична книга; б) требник
church burial — церковне (християнське) поховання
church service — а) служба божа, відправа; б) розм. молитовник
3. v2) здійснювати церковний обряд* * *I n1) церква; храм, християнський; ( часто Church) церква ( організація); віросповіданняHoly Church, — свята церква; англіканська церква; державна церква ( у Великій Британії)
2) богослужіння3) духівництвоII a1) церковнийchurch service — церковна служба, богослужіння;; молитовник
2) який належить до державної, англіканської церквиIII v1) приводити або приносити в церкву ( для хрещення) -
9 church
[ ə: ]1) (a building for public Christian worship.) igreja2) (a group of Christians considered as a whole: the Catholic Church.) igreja•* * *[tʃə:tʃ] n 1 igreja, templo cristão. he went to church / ele foi à igreja. 2 serviço religioso na igreja. 3 cristandade, comunidade cristã. 4 seita religiosa ou cristã, grupo de cristãos ligados pela mesma fé e sujeitos à mesma autoridade. 5 organização da Igreja, clero, autoridade eclesiástica. 6 profissão de clérigo. • vi levar à igreja, oficiar um serviço religioso. • adj de ou relativo à igreja. after church depois do serviço religioso. at, in church na igreja. church is over a missa, o serviço religioso terminou. to be churched ir à igreja pela primeira vez. to go into the church receber as ordens sacras, tornar-se clérigo. -
10 church **** n
[tʃɜːtʃ]after church — dopo la funzione, (for Catholics) dopo la messa
-
11 church
church [tʃɜ:tʃ]1 noun∎ I saw her in church on Sunday je l'ai vue à l'église dimanche∎ to go to church (Protestants) aller au temple ou à l'office; (Catholics) aller à la messe ou à l'église;∎ do you go to church? êtes-vous pratiquant?(c) (denomination) Église f;∎ churches all over the world have condemned this decision toutes les Églises du monde ont condamné cette décision∎ to go into the church entrer dans les ordres;∎ to leave the church quitter les ordres(bell, roof) d'égliseBritish (gen) faire assister à la messe; (woman after childbirth) faire assister à la messe de relevailles∎ (institution) the Church l'Église f;∎ the Anglican Church l'Église f anglicane;∎ the (Roman) Catholic Church l'Église f catholique;∎ Church and State l'Église f et l'État m;∎ Church of Christian Science Église f de la Science chrétienne;∎ Church of England Église f anglicane;∎ Church of Scotland/Ireland Église f d'Écosse/d'Irlande;∎ Church of Rome Église f catholique►► the Church Commissioners = commission nommée par le gouvernement pour gérer les finances de l'Église d'Angleterre;Church Fathers Pères mpl de l'Église;church hall salle f paroissiale;Church House = siège du synode général de l'Église d'Angleterre;American familiar church key (bottle opener) décapsuleur□ m;church leader chef m de l'église;British church school = école primaire gérée par l'Eglise;church service office m, culte m;church wedding mariage m religieuxⓘ CHURCHES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND L'Église d'Angleterre (anglicane) est l'Église officielle d'Angleterre; son chef laïc est le souverain, son chef spirituel l'archevêque de Cantorbéry. Par contre, la "Church of Scotland", en Écosse, est une église presbytérienne de tendance calviniste. C'est l'église officielle en Écosse depuis 1690: elle est régie par le "Moderator" qui est élu tous les ans par les membres de l'assemblée générale de l'Église. Les membres de son clergé s'appellent des "ministers", et la hiérarchie ne compte pas d'évêques. La branche écossaise de l'Église d'Angleterre se nomme "Episcopal Church in Scotland"; elle fut fondée au XVIème siècle et dispose d'un nombre de fidèles moins important que l'Église d'Écosse. Une troisième Église, la "Free Church of Scotland" fut établie par des protestants écossais dissidents au XIXème siècle. En Irlande il existe aussi la "Church of Ireland", qui est la branche irlandaise de l'Église d'Angleterre. -
12 after
after ['ɑ:ftə(r)]∎ after a while au bout d'un moment, après un moment;∎ after breakfast après le petit déjeuner;∎ after dark après la tombée de la nuit;∎ the day after the battle le lendemain de la bataille;∎ after which she left après quoi elle est partie;∎ it is after six o'clock already il est déjà six heures passées ou plus de six heures;∎ shortly after midday/three peu après midi/trois heures;∎ American it's twenty after eight il est huit heures vingt;∎ the day after tomorrow après-demain m;∎ after this date passé ou après cette date(b) (in space) après;∎ the shopping centre is just after the church le centre commercial est juste après l'église;∎ there ought to be a comma after "however" il devrait y avoir une virgule après "however"(c) (in series, priority etc) après;∎ Rothman comes after Richardson Rothman vient après Richardson;∎ I would put Racine after Molière pour moi Racine passe après Molière;∎ after you (politely) après vous (je vous en prie);∎ after you with the paper tu peux me passer le journal quand tu l'auras fini∎ day after day jour après jour;∎ time after time maintes (et maintes) fois;∎ (for) mile after mile sur des kilomètres et des kilomètres;∎ he's made mistake after mistake il a fait erreur sur erreur;∎ generation after generation of farmers des générations entières de fermiers;∎ there was street after street of apartment blocks rue après rue, les immeubles se succédaient;∎ it's been one crisis after another ever since she arrived on va de crise en crise depuis son arrivée∎ close the door after you fermez la porte derrière vous;∎ he locked up after them il a tout fermé après leur départ ou après qu'ils soient partis;∎ don't expect me to clean up after you ne croyez pas que je vais nettoyer derrière vous(f) (in view of) après;∎ I'll never speak to him again, after what he said to me je ne lui parlerai plus jamais après ce qu'il m'a dit;∎ after the way I've been treated après la façon dont on m'a traité;∎ after what you told me après ce que vous m'avez dit;∎ and after all I've done for them! et après tout ce que j'ai fait pour eux!∎ after all the trouble I took, no one came après ou malgré tout le mal que je me suis donné, personne n'est venu∎ after Rubens d'après Rubens∎ to be after sb/sth chercher qn/qch;∎ the police are after him la police est à ses trousses, il est recherché par la police;∎ their mother always seems to be after them leur mère a l'air de ne jamais les laisser tranquilles;∎ he's after her money il en veut à son argent;∎ familiar what's he after? (want) qu'est-ce qu'il veut?□ ; (looking for) qu'est-ce qu'il cherche?□ ; (intend) qu'est-ce qu'il a derrière la tête?;∎ familiar I know what she's after je sais où elle veut en venir;∎ she's after a full-time job elle cherche un travail à temps plein∎ to ask or to inquire after sb demander des nouvelles de qn;∎ British to name a child after sb donner à un enfant le nom de qn;∎ to run after sb courir après qn;∎ they ran after him ils lui ont couru après2 adverbaprès, ensuite;∎ the day after le lendemain, le jour suivant;∎ the night after la nuit d'après;∎ two days after deux jours après ou plus tard;∎ the week after la semaine d'après ou suivante;∎ for months after pendant des mois après;∎ soon after peu après;∎ long after longtemps après;∎ to follow (on) after suivre(when subject changes) après que + indicative ou familiar subjunctive; (when subject stays the same) après + infinitive;∎ come and see me after you have spoken to him venez me voir quand vous lui aurez parlé;∎ I came after he had left je suis arrivé après qu'il soit parti;∎ after I had seen him I went out après l'avoir vu, je suis sorti;∎ after saying goodnight to the children après avoir dit bonsoir aux enfants;∎ was that before or after you'd signed the contract? était-ce avant ou après que vous ayez signé le contrat?∎ in after life or years plus tard dans la vie∎ what's for afters? qu'est-ce qu'il y a pour le dessert ou comme dessert?;∎ there was ice cream for afters il y avait de la glace en dessert ou pour le dessert(a) (when all's said and done) après tout;∎ after all, she is very young après tout, elle est très jeune;∎ that, after all, is why we came après tout, c'est pour ça qu'on est venus;∎ it only costs £5 after all ça ne coûte que cinq livres après tout(b) (against expectation) après ou malgré tout;∎ so she was right after all alors elle avait raison en fait;∎ so you went to the party after all? alors, finalement, tu es allé à la soirée?l'un après l'autre;∎ one after another they got up and left the room l'un après l'autre, ils se levèrent et quittèrent la pièce;∎ he made several mistakes one after the other il a fait plusieurs fautes d'affilée ou à la file -
13 church
tʃə:tʃ
1. сущ.
1) церковь to consecrate, dedicate a church ≈ освящать церковь one of Britain's most historic churches ≈ одна из наиболее исторически значимых церквей в Великобритании I didn't see you in church on Sunday. ≈ Я не видел вас в церкви в воскресенье. go to church
2) церковь (организация) ;
вероисповедание Catholic church Christian Orthodox church Protestant church Baptist church Episcopal church Lutheran church Methodist church Presbyterian church evangelical church fundamentalist church Church of England Anglican Church
3) духовенство go into the Church enter the Church
2. прил.
1) церковный church member ≈ верующий church membership ≈ вероисповедание
2) принадлежащий к государственной, англиканской церкви
3. гл.
1) приводить или приносить в церковь (для крещения и т. п.)
2) совершать церковный обряд церковь;
храм, преим. христианский - to go to * ходить в церковь;
вступать в (церковный) брак церковь (организация) ;
вероисповедание - С. of England, English C. англиканская церковь - Broad C. "широкая церковь" (сторонники веротерпимости в англиканской церкви) - High C. "высокая церковь" (ортодоксальная англиканская церковь) - Low C. "низкая церковь" (одно из направлений в англиканской церкви) - Holy C., C. of Rome святая церковь, римско-католическая церковь - to what * does he belong? какого он вероисповедания? (разговорное) англиканская церковь (часто противопоставляется сектам) ;
государственная церковь (в Великобритании) (разговорное) богослужение - * is over богослужение окончено - after * после обедни духовенство - to go into the C. принимать духовный сан - he considered the * as a possible career он подумывал о том, чтобы стать священником > in the right * but in the wrong pew в целом верно, но в частностях неправильно > let the * stand in the churchyard (пословица) всему свое место церковный;
- * attire церковное облачение - * book церковная книга, требник;
(церковная) метрическая книга - * burial церковное погребение - * music церковная музыка - * flag (морское) церковный вымпел( поднимается во время богослужения) - * land(s) церковные земли - * living церковный приход (как должность и доход) - * member верующий;
принадлежащий к одному из (христианских) вероисповеданий - * membership вероисповедание;
принадлежность к (какой-л) церкви - * plate церковная утварь - * service церковная служба, богослужение;
(разговорное) молитвенник принадлежащий к государственной, англиканской церкви - * folk (разговорное) сторонники государственной церкви, англиканцы приводить или приносить в церковь (для крещения) совершать церковный обряд (над кем-л) ;
давать( очистительную) молитву (родильнице) ~ церковь;
Church of England, Anglican Church англиканская церковь church храм ~ церковный ~ церковь, храм ~ церковь;
Church of England, Anglican Church англиканская церковь ~ церковь ~ attr. церковный ~ церковь;
Church of England, Anglican Church англиканская церковь ~ service церковная служба, богослужение established ~ государственная церковь established: ~ учрежденный;
Established Church государственная церковь Free Church нонконформистская церковь free ~ свободная церковь free ~ церковь, отделенная от государства to go to ~ жениться;
выходить замуж;
to go into (или to enter) the Church принимать духовный сан to go to ~ жениться;
выходить замуж;
to go into (или to enter) the Church принимать духовный сан to go to ~ ходить в церковь;
быть набожным national ~ национальная церковь social work of the ~ социальная работа церкви state ~ государственная церковь -
14 Catholic church
The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation. -
15 Catholic Church
1) Общая лексика: вселенская церковь, римско-католическая церковь, (The whole body of Christians as distict from the Churches and sects into which they are divided; Latin Church called itself so after the separation from the Orthodox Church; Western Church under papal jurisdiction) Вселенская церков2) Религия: Западная церковь, Латинская церковь -
16 catholic church
1) Общая лексика: вселенская церковь, римско-католическая церковь, (The whole body of Christians as distict from the Churches and sects into which they are divided; Latin Church called itself so after the separation from the Orthodox Church; Western Church under papal jurisdiction) Вселенская церков2) Религия: Западная церковь, Латинская церковь -
17 Malabarese Catholic Church
Религия: (A Chaldean rite church of southern India that united with Rome after the Portuguese colonization of Goa at the end of the 15th century) Малабаризская католическая церковьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Malabarese Catholic Church
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18 Reformed Church of Hungary
Религия: (Reformed church that developed in Hungary during and after the 16th-century Protestant Reformation) Венгерская реформатская церковьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Reformed Church of Hungary
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19 Catholic Church (The whole body of Christians as distict from the Churches and sects into which they are divided; Latin Church called itself so after the separation from the Orthodox Church; Western Church under papal jurisdiction)
Общая лексика: Вселенская церковУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Catholic Church (The whole body of Christians as distict from the Churches and sects into which they are divided; Latin Church called itself so after the separation from the Orthodox Church; Western Church under papal jurisdiction)
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20 Malabarese Catholic Church (A Chaldean rite church of southern India that united with Rome after the Portuguese colonization of Goa at the end of the 15th century)
Религия: Малабаризская католическая церковьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Malabarese Catholic Church (A Chaldean rite church of southern India that united with Rome after the Portuguese colonization of Goa at the end of the 15th century)
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